Lessons From a Short Seller, or How I Ended Up on 60 Minutes
It all started innocently enough...
Back in 2013, a friend e-mailed me: "Take a look at Lumber Liquidators (LL). You'll like it."
The moment I looked at this high-flying stock with a nosebleed valuation, I knew he was suggesting it as a short idea – in other words, a stock ripe for a fall.
He was right. I quickly uncovered numerous red flags. Margins had inexplicably doubled in the previous 18 months. Plus, two federal agencies had recently raided the company for buying Chinese flooring made from illegal hardwoods, harvested in Siberia by the Russian mob and smuggled over the border.
I put two and two together and concluded that the spike in margins was likely due (at least in part) to illegal sourcing practices across Lumber Liquidators' supply chain. If so, the feds would surely discover this and put an end to it, which would squeeze the company's margins... and stock price.
So I made a big bet against the stock.
I thought the odds were in my favor, but I had no idea this would turn into one of the most profitable investments of my career.
While opportunities like my Lumber Liquidators short don't come along every day, you can use some of the key takeaways today to find great investment opportunities – by spotting what the rest of the market fails to see.
Let me explain...
After 20-plus years on Wall Street, I've realized that all of my successful investments – both long and short – start with three key steps...
- Performing good, fundamental analysis
When I looked at Lumber Liquidators' fundamentals in 2013, I saw a mediocre business that was a steady performer for two decades – up until 2011. Then, profit margins suddenly doubled, and investors bid up the stock until it traded at 50 times earnings.
And this was after two federal agencies had raided the company's headquarters. Normally, that's the kind of thing that would knock a stock down by 50%. But the share price hadn't budged. Instead, investors had lost their minds over a flooring retailer!
At the same time, insiders at Lumber Liquidators were dumping stock like mad. Founder and Chairman Tom Sullivan sold one-third of his shares that year ($27 million) and CEO Rob Lynch sold every share he could ($11 million).
None of it made sense. I suspected widespread sourcing problems but couldn't prove it... So I went public with what I knew, presenting my findings at the Robin Hood Investors Conference, one of the largest in the world, in November 2013. In doing so, I hoped that someone who knew the real story might contact me...
- Developing an edge through "scuttlebutt" research
If you want to find out what's really going on with a company, you have to talk to the folks with boots on the ground – customers, competitors, employees, and so on.
A few months after I went public with my questions about Lumber Liquidators, an industry insider came to me with exactly the information I was looking for. He had run a laminate flooring factory in China and told me that he tried to sell to Lumber Liquidators. But the company would only buy from him if he matched the prices of his competitors, which were 10% lower. He knew such prices were only possible by cutting corners and selling illegal – and dangerous – formaldehyde-drenched flooring.
To test his story, I went out and paid a laboratory $5,000 to test three samples of the Chinese-made laminate flooring that Lumber Liquidators was selling. Sure enough, it was loaded with formaldehyde... two to six times higher than what was legally permitted.
- Taking advantage of extreme investor sentiment
The most profitable investments come from betting against extreme investor sentiment... and, of course, being right!
In 2012-2013, Lumber Liquidators' shares had soared more than 600%. Investors were euphoric. The stock was priced to perfection. Once people found out the truth, I knew sentiment would reverse in a big way... And it did. The stock ended up crashing by 90% in only two years!
Once I confirmed that the company was breaking laws and poisoning its customers, I had to decide how to share my findings broadly. I could have written an article or made another presentation at an investment conference. But that wouldn't have reached a broad, national audience.
Then, I had a brilliant idea: "This is the perfect story for 60 Minutes," I thought. It's not only one of the most-watched television shows in America, it also has fantastic credibility, especially for exposing wrongdoers.
Whitney Tilson on 60 Minutes
Better still, 60 Minutes had the resources I didn't. It hired a team that smuggled hidden cameras into a number of Chinese factories supplying Lumber Liquidators. Posing as buyers, they caught the managers on camera admitting they were selling Lumber Liquidators toxic product!
The episode aired the evening of Sunday, March 1, 2015. As word got out about the episode, the stock tumbled nearly 30% during the previous week. Then, the day after it aired, shares dropped another 25%... In total, over six months, the stock crashed more than 80%.
By uncovering and exposing this scam, I made more than $4 million for myself and my investors – one of the biggest wins of my career.
Now, I realize that most individual investors probably can't call up CBS and take on a publicly traded company. But the lessons here still stand: Do good fundamental analysis, find an information edge, and take advantage of extreme investor sentiment.
If you can do these three things consistently, you'll make a fortune.
Regards,
Whitney Tilson
Editor's note: That wasn't the only time Whitney went on 60 Minutes... In fact, he's been called "the most connected man in U.S. finance," appearing on Fox Business, CNBC, and more. Now, he's airing a special event TONIGHT at 8 p.m. Eastern to share his newest prediction... and a strategy that could help you double or triple your money, starting this year. It's free to tune in – join the guest list right here.
Further Reading
As longtime readers know, investors can make a lot of money when negative sentiment returns to normal. Read about Whitney's experience with a sector not headed for more pain – and how you can put this lesson to use – right here: Betting on Orville: Finding Great Value in Hated Stocks.
"The common cliché on Wall Street is that the four most dangerous words in investing are, 'This time is different,'" Whitney writes. "But I've found a three-word phrase that's uttered just as frequently... and is arguably even more dangerous." Get the details on another one of his important lessons right here.
This hated company could lead to double-digit gains in 2019...
"As good contrarian investors, we know that you find the best values among the market's most unloved stocks," Dr. David Eifrig writes in a recent issue of his Retirement Millionaire newsletter.
With bullish trades, one of the best ways to grow wealth is to invest in assets that the market hates irrationally. And this stock could easily rally double digits, thanks to investor sentiment. Doc explains...
Valeant Pharmaceuticals was one of the most immoral companies in American history... It's been called "a pairing of the worst of Big Pharma and the worst of Wall Street"...
Valeant jacked up the price of life-saving drugs. Part of its playbook was to find old, forgotten, easy-to-produce drugs that were only made by one pharmaceutical company.
It remains one of the most hated companies on the market.
Now, Valeant has completely changed its business structure to survive the scandal. Doc continues...
To rebrand, Valeant changed its name to Bausch Health (BHC) in July 2018.
It's more than a name change. The company had to undergo a major overhaul after its 95% decline. It sold off businesses, fired executives, and paid off debt.
Bausch is not the same company that Valeant was, but it's the legacy of Valeant that allows us to earn a better return...
The plan to resurrect the company is straightforward in its broad strokes: Sell off assets, pay down debt, and focus on profitable businesses. The particulars of doing that can be very difficult... but Bausch appears to be taking the right path.
If sentiment improves around the company, we could easily see valuations improve and shares rise 30% or 40% in short order.
Valeant's terrible scandal has left a stain on the revamped company... But its business is changing for the better. And that's one major reason Doc rates Bausch Health a buy today. Check it out.
– Steve Sjuggerud with Brett Eversole
THIS RAILROAD GIANT RISES AND FALLS WITH THE ECONOMY
Today, we're checking up on the U.S. economy with one of our favorite indicators...
Longtime readers know we like to keep an eye on certain sectors to measure economic strength. If the economy is healthy, we tend to see more leisure spending. We also see activity in "make stuff" industries like construction and manufacturing. Today's company is another way to highlight strength in the industrial sector...
Norfolk Southern (NSC) is a $50 billion railroad giant. The company is a major mover of coal, automotive, and industrial products. It serves every major container port on the East Coast... So, when companies are shipping lots of goods, Norfolk Southern benefits. Last year, Norfolk Southern's railway revenue grew 9% to $11.5 billion. It's a sign the economy is humming along...
As you can see in today's chart, NSC shares are trending higher. The stock has more than doubled over the past three years, and it recently hit an all-time high. As long as businesses keep shipping products across the country, the outlook is still bright for the U.S. economy...
