Editor's note: No investing method is foolproof...

Many investors think they can find the "perfect" way to buy stocks. But with multiple variables at play, investing models are just predictions. They're never risk-free.

According to natural resource expert Rick Rule, understanding risk can make or break investors.

In today's Masters Series, Rick explains the best way to use risk to improve your investing strategies...

Lessons From a Lifetime in Speculative Markets

By Rick Rule

Over the past five decades in speculative markets – particularly natural resources – I've seen fortunes made and lost. Often, the difference between the two came down to one word: risk.

And I can tell you this: Most people don't understand it.

They think risk is volatility... or downside... or drawdowns on a chart. They think that if something goes up and down, it must be dangerous.

But in my experience, real risk isn't what you see – it's what you think you understand but don't.

The markets will always have price swings. Commodities will boom and bust. Stocks will rise and fall. That's just noise. The real danger is making decisions based on bad assumptions, lazy thinking, or – most common of all – blindly trusting models you don't understand.

That's why people lose money. Not because copper dropped 15% in a month, but because they bought a junior miner based on a model that was garbage from the start.

Let me walk you through how I think about risk. Not the textbook version – the real thing... the kind that matters when you've got your own capital on the line in markets where failure is the default.

All Models Are Wrong – Some Are Useful

Early in my career, I obsessed over discounted cash-flow models. I built my own. I studied others'. I used them to justify investments.

But over time, I realized something important: Models aren't crystal balls. They're just tools.

There are too many variables – commodity prices, operating costs, tax rates, capital structure, geology, politics – for a model to give you precise truth. You can't predict a dozen inputs five years out and expect to be accurate. You'll be wrong.

But you can use models to get something else: a range of outcomes. Directionally useful estimates. A way to compare Company A to Company B on a consistent basis – if you build the models yourself and understand their assumptions.

Let me give you an example. Say you're modeling a gold project. Don't just plug in $2,000 per ounce and call it a day. Run the numbers at $1,500, $2,000, and $2,500. Look at the full cost of production – including social rents (taxes and royalties), capital costs, and general and administrative expenses... not just the all-in sustaining cost the industry loves to promote, which conveniently excludes inconvenient expenses.

Then ask: what's the internal rate of return at different price levels? How sensitive is this project to the metal's price? Is this a business, or is it a lottery ticket?

That's how I manage risk – not by avoiding volatility, but by understanding the variables.

Risk Is the Delta Between Perception and Reality

I'm drawn to mispriced risk. It's the foundation of every good speculation I've ever made.

That means I'm looking for situations where the market perceives something to be risky – but I've done the work to understand it better. Or vice versa – cases where the market thinks something is safe, and I see land mines everywhere.

Let me give you a resource sector example...

At the depths of the uranium bear market, the price of the metal was $20 per pound. It cost $60 to produce. The media had written off nuclear. Environmental, social, and governance funds wanted nothing to do with it. Retail investors wouldn't touch it. The perception was: radioactive and doomed.

But what was the reality?

We were still operating 400 reactors globally. Dozens more were under construction. Countries like China and India were expanding nuclear capacity. The math was simple: Either uranium prices went up, or the lights went out.

That's a mispriced risk. The downside was limited – producers were already in liquidation. But the upside was immense and inevitable because the world still needed the commodity. That gap between perception and reality? That's your opportunity.

Contrast that with late-cycle enthusiasm in things like lithium or cobalt when prices were high, supply was surging, and everyone believed the hype. That's perceived safety with real risk.

The Worst Risk of All? Hidden Leverage

Another lesson: Risk often hides in the capital structure.

I've seen too many investors lose money not because their thesis was wrong, but because they underestimated the impact of leverage – both financial and operational.

In speculative markets, leverage doesn't just amplify gains. It also accelerates death. A company can be right on the geology, right on the market thesis, and still go bankrupt if it can't refinance a credit facility during a downturn.

That's why I pay obsessive attention to balance sheets. I want companies that can survive long enough for their theses to play out.

It's also why I avoid operators who fall in love with "growth." I want capital discipline. Too often in resources, management sees higher prices and starts pouring money into the ground without regard for returns. They chase scale over economics. That's not value creation – that's ego.

Understanding Risk in Political Terms

If you invest in commodities, you're going to face political risk. It's part of the game.

But again, the key is to understand where perception diverges from reality.

Take Canadian oil and gas. It has been deeply out of favor, partly because of political hostility from the federal government. That's real risk. But it's also overdiscounted. Some of the best producers in the world – companies with great geology, low costs, and strong governance – have been trading at half of net asset value.

Now compare that with Russia. Its resource companies are even cheaper – but the risks are higher. Rule of law is questionable. Western capital is restricted. And when Russia needs money, it'll liquidate commodities at any price.

Does that mean you avoid Russian companies altogether? Not necessarily. But you size your positions accordingly. You don't kid yourself. You factor in the political premium.

That's how you deal with risk: You acknowledge it, quantify it, and price it.

The Biggest Risk

After all this, I'll say what may be the most important lesson of all: You are your own biggest risk.

Your emotions. Your impatience. Your need for validation. Your unwillingness to say, "I don't know."

Markets punish ego. They punish ignorance. They punish hope.

That's why I've made a practice of building in redundancy and discipline. I buy companies with a margin of safety. I avoid projects that need everything to go right. I size positions so I can sleep at night. And I always, always assume that I've missed something.

I'd rather be vaguely right and solvent than precisely wrong and bankrupt.

Speculative markets will never be risk-free. That's not the point.

Risk is what creates the opportunity. Without it, you don't get asymmetric returns. You don't get 10-baggers. You don't get the chance to buy real assets at a fraction of their value.

But you have to respect the risk. You have to understand it. You have to price it.

If you do that – if you learn to think about risk as both danger and opportunity – you can build wealth in the kinds of markets that most investors fear.

And if you don't? Well, you won't be an investor. You'll be a lesson.

Regards,

Rick Rule

Editor's note: Natural resources are becoming the biggest geopolitical story in the world. Meanwhile, the White House is stockpiling critical minerals – and it's about to massively ramp up its buying spree. Today, the man widely considered the greatest resource investor of all time is telling you exactly where you need to move your money before the White House makes its next move.